If the material is low on hardness or even totally soft, it is usually incorrect material. This can have occurred either by selection at the merchant or mixed at the purchaser’s operation.

Safety in the workplace regarding heat treatment connects each and every person who works in either a captive or a commercial shop. We all have an obligation to one another to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries (no matter how minimal or extensive that injury might be).

Tenova was awarded two contracts by Tenaris, a manufacturer and supplier of steel pipes, for its mill in Dalmine, Italy. Both contracts are related to the steelmaker’s investment in special steel production. The Dalmine project is divided into three phases, two of which will be supplied by Tenova. The first phase consists of a meltshop ladle furnace that will be used for secondary metallurgical treatment of the liquid steel. Tenova will design and supply a heat-treatment furnace for special steel bars for the second phase of the project. This movable-hood-type furnace is specifically designed to charge very large bars 12 meters (39 feet) long. It is equipped with 34 hydrogen-ready self-recuperative burners capable of using up to 100% hydrogen as a fuel source.

David Pye's series on normalizing forged aerospace components concludes with part 5.

We continue our discussion of normalizing.

It has been 110 years since the tragic sinking of the unsinkable ship, the RMS Titanic. The first part of this article focused on the bow and stern riveters and the riveting process itself. This second part dives deeper into the sinking of the ship.

The next question to be asked is, "How do we cool after normalizing?" The generally accepted method of cooling is to “cool in still air and free from drafts.” While this is a general statement and a generally accepted practice, it does not ensure a repeatable and consistent final metallurgy.

It is just short of 110 years since the tragic sinking of the unsinkable ship, the RMS Titanic.

The normalizing process is generally applied to unalloyed steels or low-alloy (hypoeutectoid) steels (i.e., steels with a carbon content lower than 0.77%). Normalizing is applied to hypereutectoid steels (i.e., steels with a carbon content greater 0.77%) only in special cases.  

The forging of a steel component to arrive at a rough shape prior to machining is a procedure that has been adopted almost from the time that man discovered iron. Forging is a not only an ancient craft, it is a science in the manipulation of steel into a predetermined shape that is roughly the final shape of the component to be manufactured.