The three letters P-I-D send shivers down most spines; tuning may induce an actual headache. This has proven true for decades, but why is the concept so overwhelming? This article will attempt to answer that difficult question with simple considerations.

Unfortunately, the answer to this question is quite complex and is dependent on a host of variables, not all of which may be obvious.

First variations of hot runner systems started appearing in manufacturing in the mid-20th century but did not become standard in the industry until the 1980s, driven by the need for consistent quality and productivity improvements.

Way back in 1956, a group of scientists wanted to develop high-performance temperature sensors focused on rocket-engine testing for government research and military applications. With that goal in mind, Nanmac Corp. was formed.

Questions about AMS 2750 are common for readers of this journal. We review the impact of this important pyrometry specification to help you deal with the complexities and unknowns in the high-temperature environment of sintering.

The TMZ Dual (2TPRG) PC-programmable MODBUS temperature transmitter allows users to increase density and reduce costs with dual RTD, thermocouple, mV, resistance or potentiometer inputs by doubling temperature monitoring capability in a single unit.

HH911T/HH912T Series digital thermometers are user-configurable for Type K, J, T or E thermocouple probes to provide a wide range of temperature measurements.