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Residual stress is an important consideration in the heat treatment of steel, and the development of a compressive residual stress often is considered a good goal because it is believed to improve the fatigue resistance of the heat-treated part.
Most metals are classified as being either cast or wrought. This classification is somewhat misleading since even the wrought product is initially cast and therefore subject to chemical inhomogenieties during solidification...
Hardness tests often are used to quantify strength and are considered to be nondestructive in most applications because the indentations are small and do not adversely affect surface quality.
In 1974, Battelle Laboratory (Columbus, OH) researchers patented (US1982000378975) a process to induce compressive residual stresses using shock waves generated by laser pulse . . .