IKR gauges cover the pressure range between 1 x 10^-2 and 1 x 10^-9 mbar.

Solar Atmospheres of California (SCA) added a large furnace to complement its current facility equipment arrangement. 

This article presents the vacuum-carburizing technology of Pyrowear® Alloy 53 steel. It discusses the methods of establishing different carbon concentration profiles in a layer and their influence on the hardness profile.

The objective of this paper is to highlight the heat-treating markets of North America with respect to equipment and processing, comparing current 2014 status and projecting expectations for 2024.

Return on investment (ROI) can be maximized by reducing unplanned downtime through predictive/preventive maintenance.

The ES range of single-stage, oil-sealed, rotary-vane vacuum pumps are a flexible solution that provide highly stable performance. 

Pre-oxidation is known to enhance receptivity of steel part surfaces to the effects of nitriding, and in-situ oxidation is inherently efficient and economical.

The new pumps of the TURBOVAC i product line are particularly well suited for ultrahigh vacuum applications and for integration within compact pump system solutions. 

This article describes the newest achievements in the heat treatment of diesel-engine fuel-injection nozzles made of hot-working tool steel. Different methods of improving surface properties have been applied by means of vacuum carburizing and vacuum nitriding, which is especially suitable for elements characterized by difficult shape geometry such as blind holes. Variable process parameters have been considered in terms of sequence and temperature as well as their influence on surface microstructure, hardness and case-layer uniformity.