This is the conclusion of David Pye's blog on the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curve.

The observation of the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram can only be a guide to the process temperature selection simply because the diagram is based only on iron and carbon without any additional alloying elements (in equilibrium). Alloy additions to the alloy steels will disturb what is observed from the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, and no industrial process is in equilibrium.

Bainite is a phase in steel that can be created by heating the steel up to an austenitic temperature followed by a designed cooling procedure.

Time waits for no man. Time cannot be saved. Time only moves on, even as we speak. The process temperature will determine what microscopic transformation will occur (including grain growth). Transformation is the resulting metallurgical effects of the process time and temperature selected (Fig. 1).

Industrial Heating is fortunate enough to have several experts in their respective fields contribute editorial pieces on a regular basis. These experts – David Pye, Debbie Aliya, Dan Kay and Reed Miller – all have a vast amount of experience in the thermal-processing industry. As such, their blogs and columns provide helpful and timely information about heat treatment to our readership.

David Pye's series on the Titanic and its tragic sinking concludes.

Something to be aware of is that any transatlantic crossing was always a fast crossing. Now we have the factor of the increased vessel speed, at approximately 21 knots, becoming an influencing factor.

Busch Vacuum Solutions U.S. acquired VESCO-McLaughlin Inc. (VESCO), an industrial service company specializing in the heat-treatment and metallurgy industries. East Windsor, Conn.-based VESCO was formerly part of McLaughlin Furnace Group (MFG), a supplier of engineered vacuum solutions for thermal-processing and surface-preparation applications. MFG’s major customers operate in the aerospace, automotive, defense, energy and semiconductor fabrication industries. The addition of VESCO expands Busch Vacuum Solutions’ business by adding complementary services to its current offering.

David Pye's series on the Titanic continues with a discussion of the riveters.

Time waits for no man. Time cannot be saved. Time only moves on, even as we speak. The process temperature will determine what microscopic transformation will occur (including grain growth). Transformation is the resulting metallurgical effects of the process time and temperature selected.