Boeing has already spent more than $500 million on parts made in China and is expected to spend another $750 million in the next five years, according to the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers. Based on these investment numbers, minimizing risk appears to be the key concern of aerospace manufacturers and suppliers. Of the risk profile, product integrity for performance ranks among the highest compared to security, regulatory, economic, intellectual property and disruptive events. One means of guaranteeing product integrity is to transfer proven-performance technology from U.S. assembly and production plants to offshore plants in China and India.